The Spanish preposition 'sin' meaning 'without' comes directly from the Latin preposition 'sine' with the same meaning. The final 'e' was lost as the word evolved from Latin to Spanish, but the meaning remained unchanged.

Since 'sin' is already one of the most basic and common prepositions in Spanish, there aren't really any simpler related Spanish words to connect it to. You'll see it frequently in common phrases like 'sin duda' (without doubt) and 'sin embargo' (however, nevertheless - literally 'without embargo/hindrance').

While English doesn't have any common words directly related to Latin 'sine', you might recognize it from mathematical terms like 'sine' (the trigonometric function) which was actually named using this Latin preposition. The prefix 'sine-' meaning 'without' also appears in some English technical terms, like 'sinecure' (a position requiring little or no work).